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The treaty of Versailles, a peace treaty, was famously signed on June 28, 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles near Paris. It was basically signed at the end of World War I between Germany and the Allies, which also ended the WWI.

The Treaty required Germany to put an end to their military and reduce its army to 100,000. But it wasn't all about doing that. The Treaty did a lot of things to Germany that punished them mostly because Germany was blamed for the huge loss of their allies, which are England and France. It also prohibited German troops presence in all the territory on the left bank of the Rhine River and also on the right bank. It stopped all importation, exportation, and nearly all production of war materials for the Germans.
Mostly the Treaty of Versailles created a huge impact on the military service of Germany because it required a lot military things for the Germans to abandon. It limited its navy to 24 ships, with no submarines, and its naval personnel shouldn't exceed to 15,000. It required to abandon all military and naval aviation by October 1, 1919.
Because of the hurtful damage experienced by France and England during the war, Germany was required by the treaty to make huge financial reparation too. And speaking about financial, payment was made in the form of ships, trains, livestock, and valuable natural resources. Germany was really having a hard time here, which i can tell because they were so badly punished. And I think the Germans deserved to be punished this way or more because they cause a very sad loss and damage on France and England that even words couldn't be express how they affected their allies badly.

Sooner, when Germany was badly punished and couldn't regain its power, Adolf Hitler unexpectedly came to the world of Germany along with his fascist politics. I think the reason why some historians say that the Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of Fascism and Adolf Hitler is because when Germany was in a deep trouble and crisis, they needed a great leader to lead their country in a more revamp and organize way. And Adolf Hitler was that man who can do these things well. Because of that, Adolf Hitler realized how fascism was also needed in Germany, that's why he suggested and acted these politics due to how weak Germany was. And Hitler wanted to have a powerful well-built military that can easily overthrow any form of Government. That made the reason why he used fascism, which favors dictatorial government and extreme nationalism as a way to make Germany stronger.

Posted by Burton at 5:22 AM | Permalink | Comments

Mustafa Kemal was a Turkish soldier, a nationalist leader, and a statesman. He was also known as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, which means father of the Turks. He was born in the year 1881 and died on the year 1938. Mustafa was the first man who founded the republic of Turkey and became its first president at the year 1923 to 1938. Mustafa was just an ordinary man but achieve a lot in his life.
Mustafa was a good and brave soldier who fought in Libya against Italy in 1911 and 1912 in which he was promoted to the rank major, in November 1911. Mustafa had a great leadership that he achieved one of his goal of organizing the defense of the Dardanelles during the Balkan Wars, which was at the year 1912 to 1913. During World War I, Mustafa made a military reputation at Gallipoli in the Gallipoli Campaign in the year 1915 where he also was given command of a special army group and then appointed inspector of the Third Army in Anatolia on May 19. And after that, he was then famous of sta uniting the Turkish national movement and creating an army for defense.
Mustafa became known well for winning decisive battles against Greek forces at Sakarya in August 1921, and Dumlupinar in August 1922. After the great war or WW I, Mustafa led the Turkey. Mustafa felt concerned about Turkey and not only because of its country but also the people living there. Turkey was a very traditional Islamic country before where Mustafa wanted the people in Turkey to be not concerned of religion. And so then because of that, he isolated the country from religion and religous activities by changing the country to a modern figure. This was one of the ways he modernized Turkey.
After that, Mustafa planned and created a secular constitution in Turkey by removing the sultan from its position and power. So then he was able to give the women in Turkey the power and rights. By the way, secular means not religious or concerned with religion.
Moreover, Mustafa inspired the men to give up their 'fez', which is a traditional Muslim hat and wear a brimmed Panama hat.
As months went by, many religious leaders or people in Turkey were stunned and shocked by these changes that happened, which was all about the achievement of this great man named Mustafa Kamal had made.
Mustafa not only did this to women and men and some other parts of Turkey, he modernized the whole country and also attempted and taught the Turks to practice and adopt Western culture.
Mustafa created nationalism in Turkey that built its essence of the way it is now. Turkey couldn't be this country if not for Mustafa Kamal. He was a very successful man, and his name left valuable memories and couldn't be forgotten by the turks.

Posted by Burton at 5:08 AM | Permalink | Comments

Around 1946, India was a country that was ruled by the British. The British didn't only rule India before World War II, they also colonized other countries throughout the world including: Australia, Egypt and Africa. They were known for hurting and disciplining the people of the countries they colonized. Before 1947, India was the country they were tired of ruling, but still they didn't stop controlling the Indians because there were a lot of recourses in India that was needed by the British in their own country. The British were producing lots of things, and they needed these recourses for that matter. The Indians wanted to gain freedom from these people badly because they were sick of being controlled, and Mahatma Gandhi was one of those people who was seeking and wanted to gain independence.
Mahatma Gandhi was also known to be called Mohandas Gandhi. Gandhi was a man with great leadership and power. He was very humble, religious and a very nonviolent man. Gandhi, in coincidence, was the kind of man that was needed by the Indians to help them guide their way to freedom and independence.
On those years, Gandhi and the Indians went through a lot of hard times, experiences and events that happened at that time. Meanwhile, with the help of Gandhi, India was free of the rule of the dominating United Kingdom, and was given independence in 1947.
Gandhi was the main reason the Indians got rid of the British. He tried to preserve the essence and the culture of India, and through that he succeeded. Gandhi's main belief that he really valued the most was nonviolence. Gandhi showed this over and over again, and his method of nonviolence was the reason that gave India its independence.
Gandhi had a great leadership. He gathered all the people and talk to them from one place to another telling them about how they should stop the British from controlling their country. He also defended the rights of the poor people in India. In fact, his great leadership led these people into a 200 mile Salt March so that the people of India could make and gather their own salt. His goal at that moment was for the people of India not to buy salt from the British but to make their own salt and sell to their fellow Indians. Gandhi also influenced them and preached at every town he went to.
The British were also so rough on them and kept arresting Gandhi to stall the Indians in which a very sad historical event happened at India at that time. It was known as the Amritsar Massacre. This happened when the head of the British troops ordered 50 soldiers to fire into the Indians, without giving a warning.
At that moment, an Indian was protesting to these people but the soldiers didn't even care in which at around 15 minutes, they shoot these people. And the people were all screaming and very afraid at these soldiers and tried to escape, but still some of them failed to escape including their little children that were also killed at the Massacre. The event killed 379 Indians and over 1,500 of them got wounded.
But still beneath these hardships and pain, Gandhi still never stops fighting the British and led the Indians. He still taught them how to be strong and fight no matter what happens.
Then Gandhi went on a 21 day fast to protest against the war between the Muslims and the Hindus and also to protest against Great Britain by not allowing India to be free.
I think India’s Independence was all about Gandhi because it all happened because of his true leadership and nonviolence to the British and his fellow Indians. And their independence wouldn’t have happened if his goals weren’t accomplished. But it was accomplished and achieved well despite the bad things that happened. And with his original beliefs, it became also one of the reasons that led India to its independence.

Great Britain at 1947 back in their country was also trap in the situation of World War II. The British were still at war at that time when India was trying to gain Independence. But after World War II, the British ended their control over India, and fortunately the happiest moment of the Indians happened. Their country was free at last. This was a very historical event that happened in history and also a great blessing and gift for the Indians.
After all these things that happened, it was just very sad that on January 30, 1948, a Hindu fundamentalist called Nathu Ram Godse shot Gandhi, which in the movie was very sad to see. India lost the man who had taught the Indians to dream of independence and who gave them that independence in reality. And on August 15, 1947, Indians had walked across the bridge carrying the body of Gandhi.

I believe that the greatest accomplishment of Gandhi was his life-long fight for the independence of India. And his dream for his country's independence that finally became a reality on August 15, 1947.

Posted by Burton at 5:09 AM | Permalink | Comments